![]() At the same time, the greatest flux can be obtained if the surface is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. The H-field is measured in amperes per meter (A/m) in the SI units and in oersteds (Oe) in the cgs units.įor a more complex case when the area is planar surface and it is not normal to the magnetic field, we can use the expressionįrom this expression, it can be seen that if the test surface is placed parallel to the magnetic field lines, the resulting magnetic flux will be zero. In English, the H-field is also called magnetic field intensity, magnetic field strength, magnetic field and magnetizing field, which is pretty confusing. However, in magnetic materials B is not directly proportional to H. In space, B is proportional to H with the multiplicative constant depending on the physical units. A static electric field E can create a magnetization current I, which in turn will produce a static H-field. This H-field is generated by changing electric fields. There is another vector magnetic field H used for describing magnetic field and which is sometimes also called the magnetic field. The vector magnetic field B has several names in the English language ( B-field, magnetic field strength, magnetic flux density or simply a magnetic field) and is measured in gauss (G) in the cgs units or in teslas (T) in the SI units. If a particle of charge q is moving with a velocity v in an electric field E and a magnetic field B, it experiences a force F defined as follows: It is a combination of the electric and magnetic force on a point charge placed in a magnetic field. It is often defined by the force it exerts on moving charged particles, which is called the Lorentz force. The magnetic field can be defined and described in several ways based on its effects on the environment. Measuring B-field in an industrial environment (high voltage pump motors at a water pumping station) B-Field However, in a magnetic substance the relationship between B and H is more complicated. Therefore, in a vacuum, the two magnetic fields B and H can be considered as scaled versions of each other. m⁻¹ is the permeability of free space, which is a measure of the amount of resistance encountered when forming a magnetic field in a vacuum.In free space (vacuum) these two vector fields are related by the following equation: They are called B-field (also called magnetic induction) and H-field (also called magnetic field strength). Definitions and Units of Measurementīefore we start talking about magnetic flux, we have to talk about the two vector fields that describe the magnetic field. Magnetic fields can be further visualized by using iron filings or magnetic field viewing film. The strength of the field is visualized by the spaces between the magnetic flux lines. Magnetic fields are usually visualized by magnetic flux lines. The magnetic field is a vector field because it can be specified by both direction and magnitude. The Earth produces its own geomagnetic field that extends from the Earth’s interior into space and is used for navigation and protects us from the deadly solar wind.īulky horseshoe magnets made from Alnico were used in magnetrons before the development of much less bulky ferrite and rare earth magnetsĪ magnetic field is a region around a permanent magnet or a moving electric charge within which there is a magnetic force acting on moving electric charges and ferromagnetic materials. We are surrounded by magnetic and electromagnetic fields. This includes transformers, electric motors and generators, various drives, electromagnetic clutches and brakes, antennas, and waveguides. ![]() Don’t forget about a lot of stuff that works using magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Many smartphone cases use a magnet in their cover to control the smartphone: the phone can sense an open cover and display a lock screen or clock screen. They are on your fridge, in your fridge, in your computers, tablets, and smartphones, in electric motors, in your ears (neodymium magnets in earbuds and magnetic earrings), in various electric motors in cars, trucks, DVD players, and computer hard drives. However, before the middle of the 20th century, there were only a few magnets in our homes - a magnet in a loudspeaker of a radio receiver, telephone, and probably several cabinet magnetic latches. A magnet in a smartphone speaker can be found in the pocket of every person. We are surrounded by magnets in our daily life more than ever.
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